2023高考英语必背的知识点归纳
高考英语知识点归纳
非谓语动词用主动表被动。
(1)不定式to blame,to let用作表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义
(2)某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义
①这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。
②有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
③有少数用于类似结构的形容词(如fit,ready,free等)，其中的不定式用主动式和被动式均可。
(3)不定式用于某些动词(如have,have got,get,want,need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义
(4)不定式用于某些双宾动词(如give,show,buy,lend,get等)的直接宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是直接宾语前的间接宾语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义
(5)不定式用于修饰“there be+名词”中的名词时，可用主动式，也可用被动式，有时含义差不多
(6)be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动
(7)在need,want,require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义
①以上结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表示被动意义
②它们后接名词时也可表示被动意义
介词短语用主动表被动的情形。
“beyond+名词”
这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义，类似的结构还有beyond compare(无可比拟)，beyond description(难以形容)，beyond(all)doubt(毫无疑问)，beyond expression(无法形容)，beyond suspicion(无可怀疑)，等。
高考英语考试短语整理
1. take after长相或举止像(某个长辈)(不用进行时)
Mary really takes after her mother;she has the same eyes，nose and hair.玛丽真像她妈妈，眼睛、鼻子和头发都一个样。
2. take apart把(小型机器、钟表等)拆开;拆散;(在体育运动或比赛中)把……彻底打败;对……苛求;严厉批评Take the watch apart and see if you can see what‘s wrong with it.把手表拆开来看看你能不能检查出什么毛病。
England was really taken apart by Italy in last night‘s match.在昨晚的比赛中，英格兰队可谓给意大利队打得溃不成军了。
3. take as看作，认为(=regard / consider / look on / treat …… as)
I took your nod as a sign of approval.我把你的点头看作是同意的表示了。
4. take away拿走;使停学，使离开;使消失;减去The child was taken away(辍学)from school. Now I‘ll give you some tablets to take away(使消失)the pain.
Take away(减去)2 from 4 and you get 2.
take away from贬低(有益或令人满意之事物)的作用His refusal to accept the prize does not take away from his success in winning it.他拒绝领奖无损于他赢得此奖的斐然成绩。
5. take back承认说错了(话)，收回(诺言、话语);使回忆起;送回，还回去;退(货)
I‘m sorry I was rude;I take back everything I said.对不起我失礼了，我承认我所说的全都错了。
Seeing that old film really took me back!观看那部旧电影的确使我回想起了过去的岁月。
6. take down拿下，取下;记下来;褪下(裤子等穿于腰以下的衣物);把(大型机器或大物件)拆成零部件;把……拆卸开(tear down推倒;拆毁pull down拆毁)
When the picture was taken down，the wall looked very bare.把那幅画取下来后墙壁就显得毫无装饰了。
We‘ll have to take the engine down to get to the gearbox.我们得先拆卸发动机，才能接触到变速箱。
7. take in接待(某人)留宿;欺瞒，欺骗;充分理解，掌握;把(衣服)改窄(let out加宽，放长，加大);包含，包括He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in.他没有地方可睡，我们于是就提出让他留宿。
Don‘t be taken in by his promises.不要被他的许诺所蒙骗!
It took me a long time to take in what you were saying.我费了好长时间才弄明白你所说的话。
My dress is a bit loose round the waist—could you take it in for me?我衣服的腰围有点宽松，你能给我改窄一些吗?
This is the total cost of the holiday，taking everything in.这是度假的全部费用，一切都包括在内。
8. take off脱下，脱去(尤指衣服);解(拿)掉(put on穿上);(飞机等)升空，起飞;休假;歇(……天)假;请假;开始有成就;开始受欢迎;开始成名;打折扣;(尤指为了逗笑而)模仿(某人)的谈吐、举止等I‘m taking Thursday off because I’m moving into a new house.我星期四休假，因为我要搬家。
It was at this point that her acting career really took off.正是从这个时候起，她的表演生涯真正开始走红了。
His shopkeeper took off 5 percent discount for each.他的店员把每样东西都打折了5%. The actor made everyone laugh by taking off the members of the royal family.这个演员模仿某些王室成员，结果逗引得人人发笑。
9. take on开始雇用;开始具有/呈现(某种品质、面貌等);露出;接受(工作等);承担(责任等);开始和……争吵(斗殴、作对、较量等)
We‘ve decided to take on a new clerk in the accounts department.我们已决定在会计部雇用一名新职员。
His face took on a worried expression.他的脸上露出了担忧的表情。
My doctor says I‘m too tired and has advised me not to take any more work on.医生说我疲劳过度，劝我不要再干更多的工作。
The trade union made the mistake of trying to take on the government.工会犯了试图和政府抗争的错误。
The bus took on more passengers.公共汽车搭载更多乘客了。
10. take out带(某人)去(某处参加社交活动等);正式取得，领得，获得;洗去(污迹)，使褪色I‘m taking the children out to the theatre tonight.今晚我带孩子们去看戏。
Mary and John took out a marriage license.玛丽和约翰正式领了结婚证。
He took out the pencil marks from his drawing.他擦去了他的画上的铅笔迹。
11. take over接手，接任;接管
Who do you think will take over now that the governor has been dismissed?州长已被免职，你看会由谁来接任呢?
12. take to (尤指立刻)对……产生好感，喜欢上;染上……习惯(嗜好等);到(某处)休息;到……躲藏;逃往I took to Paul as soon as we met.我一见到保罗就对他有好感。
All this gloomy news is enough to make you take to drink.所有这些令人沮丧的消息都足以使人酗起酒来。
Father‘s ill，so he’s taken to his bed.爸爸病了，因此卧床休息了。
13. take up开始花时间从事(某项活动);对……产生兴趣;开始学习(某课程)，选修;(事物或事件)占用了(时间或空间);接受……的建议;继续John took up acting while he was at college.约翰在上大学时开始喜欢上演戏了。
The job took up most of Sunday.这项工作占用了大半个星期天。
Why don‘t you take him up on his offer of a meal?你为什么不接受他的邀请去吃饭呢?
I‘ll take up the story where I finished yesterday.这个故事我会从昨天讲完的地方继续讲下去。
14. take …… for / to be …… (错)当作，以为是(mistake …… for ……)
I took him for his brother. They are extremely alike.我把他误作是他弟弟，他们很像。
15. take a chance碰碰运气，冒……风险
16. take a deep / long breath深吸一口气(以鼓起勇气或仔细考虑)
17. take a hand in干预
18. take a load / weight off sb.‘s mind使放心/安心
19. take a risk / risks冒风险
20. take a seat坐下
21. take a vote投票表决
22. take an interest in对……有兴趣
23. take steps / measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
24. take action (on)(对……)采取行动
25. take advantage of利用;占……的便宜;不正当地利用
26. take aim (at)瞄准
27. take …… by surprise奇袭;出其不意地做某事;使……惊奇
28. take care当心(= look out / be careful )
29. take care of照顾，料理;处理，对付;当心
30. take charge of负责;接管
31. take cold感冒，伤风
32. take control of控制住，管住
33. take delight / pleasure in以……为乐;喜欢
34. take effect开始起作用;开始生效
35. take …… for granted想当然地认为(会是某种情况);认为……是理所当然的;认为没有问题
36. take …… for instance / example以……为例
37. take hold of抓住;吸引住
38. take …… into account / consideration考虑到，把……考虑进去
39. take it / things easy慢慢来，不要过于紧张/劳累，沉住气
40. take it or leave it要不要都行;要么要，要么不要;不要还价
41. take note (of)把……记下来
42. take notice (of)注意;理会
43. take notes作记录;记笔记
44. take / come into office就职，上任
45. take one‘s breath away令人惊异，令人叹为观止
46. take one’s chance(s)碰碰自己的运气
47. take one‘s time慢慢来，从容不迫
48. take pains费尽力气，煞费苦心，尽力设法I took pains to explain the facts clearly.
49. take (the)trouble费事，下工夫You must have taken a lot of trouble to find out what was true.
50. take part (in)参加，参与
51. take pity on / upon可怜，怜悯(show mercy to / have mercy on)
52. take place发生，举行
53. take pride in (be proud of)为……感到自豪/骄傲
54. take one‘s place代替某人
55. take the opportunity利用这个机会I shall take the first opportunity of seeing you. He may take the opportunity to point out that ……
56. take turns轮流(做某事)
They took turns to look after the baby. The two boys took turns at digging the hole.
57. take sides支持;偏袒You always take sides with brother without even listening to me.你总是偏袒弟弟，根本不听我的。
58. I take it (that)我想;我认为I take it you‘ve heard that the mayor’s resigned.我想你已听说市长已经辞职了。
高考英语知识点考点
1. 名词单复数用错，可数与不可数名词的混用。大多数短文改错都会有此类的错误。
2.动词：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象;或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语;需要接ing形式的接了to，或相反等。
3. 形容词副词：常出现需形容词的地方用了副词或相反;关系副词where， when， why等的缺失或错用。
4. 介词：主要是介词的多余或缺失，错用。这一部分需要平时多多积累，弄清常用介词的搭配。
5. 主谓一致性：第三人称单数漏掉s，或主语为复数，谓语动词用了单数;再就是就近原则对主语的影响。
6.冠词：定冠词the的多余或缺失，如季节，月份，星期，球类及三餐活动，称呼头衔前等不能加the的地方加了the，或是same等常和the一起使用的词却漏税掉了the;a，an的混用，特别注意：hour， honest等虽然首字母不是元音字母，但其发音却是以元音素开头，故用an，而useful， university，european， one—hour等虽然首字母是元音字母，但却以辅音音素开头，故用a。
7. 数词：主要是序数词与基数词的混用和错用。
8. 连词：不合句中的逻辑关系。如需转折连词(如but)的时候用了承接连词(so)，或相反等等。
9.代词：主要是代词的格与数的错用。如男性用了女性代词，单数用了复数代词或相反;应当用形容词性的物主代词用了宾格，主格或相反，关系代词的错用或缺失。如只能用that引导的用了其它，或在不能用that的地方却用了that，或是在“介词+关系代词”结构中漏掉了介词等。
10. 常用固定短语或固定用法及句型用错。
高中英语易错点知识点
1.在你离开之前，有些事应该要告诉你。(ought to;there be)
学生错例：
1)Before you leave, there are somethings I ought to tell you.(受中文“些”字意思影 响，误把单数的something 当somethings)
2)Before you leave,there are some things ought to tell you.
(误用something;句子成分残缺，从句漏了主语 I)
3)There are something that ought to tell you before you leave.
4)There is something ought to tell you before you leaving.(受中文“在”影响，误用了“leaving”)
2.我很难把学习和兴趣结合起来。(combine...with...)
学生错例：
1)Im difficult to combine study with interest.(典型的中文翻译思维，与地道的英语表达有较大差别)
2) I hardly combining study with interest.(中式英语)
3)Its hardly that combine study with interest.(乱套句型)
4)I hardly combine study with interest.(照字翻译)
高考英语高频考点
句型1
would rather that somebody did…“宁愿……;更愿意……”(表示现在或将来的愿望)
would rather that somebody had done…“宁愿……;更愿意……”(表示过去的愿望)
[例句]
I’d rather you posted the letter right now. 我想让你现在去寄信。
I’d rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.
我到情愿你不是个知名演员，这样我们可以有更多的时间在一起。
I’d rather that I hadn’t seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天没有看到她。
句型2
as if/though+主语+did/had done…好像……(表示现在或将来的情况用过去时;表示过去的情况用过去完成时)[参考句型4]
[例句]
Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our think highly of her.
Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan谈起罗马来就好像他去过那里似的。
句型3
“wish +宾语从句”，表示不大 可能实现的愿望
表示现在的愿望：主语+过去时;
表示过去的愿望：主语+had done;
表示将来的愿望：主语+would/could do
[例句]
How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我们学生多么希望有更多的自由时间放松自己!
I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time playing!
What a pity you can’t go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!
句型4
It’s high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) …早就该……
[例句]
It’s time that you went to school.= It’s time that you should go to school.
It’s high time that we did something to improve our environment. 该是我们为环保做些事情了。
I think it’s high time that she made up her mind. 我想她该拿定主意了。
句型5
情态动词+动词不定式完成结构的用法
could have done “本来可以……”(表示过去没有实现的可能)。
might have done “本来可能……;本来应该或可以做某事”(实际没有发生;含有轻微的责备语气。
should/ought to have done “本来该做某事”(而实际未做)
should not/ought not to have done “本来不该做”(实际却做过了，含有责备语气)
needn’t have done “本来不必做”(但是已经做过了)
would rather have done “当时宁愿做了某事”(实际没有做过);否定式would rather not have done表达相反意思，两者都有表示“后悔”之意。
句型6
as, though, although引导的让步状语从句。
[注意]although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的词序是把句中强调的形容词、副词、动词或名词放在连词前。[参考倒装结构] 请注意下列句式的变化：
[例句]
1. Although/Though I’m young, I already know what career I want to follow.
→Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.
我虽然年轻，但我已经明白我应该追随什么样的事业。
2. Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea.
→Much as/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. 虽然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的观点。
3. Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.
→Child(省略冠词)as/though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. 他虽然还是个孩子，却认识了许多汉字。
4. Although he tried, he couldn’t solve the problem.
→Try as he might, he couldn’t solve the problem. 尽管他努力了，但是他没有解决问题。
5. Although it is raining, I’m going out for a walk.
→Raining as it is, I’m going out for a walk. 天虽然在下雨，我还是要出去散步。
6. Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 这次意外虽然显得不可思议，却没有人受伤。
7. Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do. 虽然我很想帮助你，但是我有很多事要做。
8. Object as you may, I will go. 纵使你反对，我也要去。
句型7
…before…特殊用法(1)“没来得及……就……”
[例句]
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
他还没有来得及冲进房间救孩子，房顶就塌了。
He ran off before I could stop him. 我还没有来得及阻止，他已经跑了。
To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her.
让我非常失望的是，我还没有来得及和我最喜欢的歌手打招呼，她就已经离开了。
句型8
…before…特殊用法(2)“过了多久才……”或“动作进行到什么程度才……”
[例句]
They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.
他们西行50英里才看到一个村庄。
The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
工人们连续工作3天才使一切恢复正常。
He almost knocked me down before he knew it.
他几乎撞到我了才意识到。
We had walked a long way before we found some water.
我们走了很长的路才找到一点水。
Five years went by before I knew it. 不知不觉，五年过去了。
句型9
It was + 时间段+before….“过了多久才(怎么样)……”
It was not long before….“不久，就……”
It will (not) be +时间段+before….“要过多久(不久)……才……”(before从句谓语动词要用一般时态)
[例句]
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意识到他处境的危险。
It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回来。
It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再过半年你才能毕业。
It will not be long before they understand each other. 他们大概不久就会互相了解。
句型10
in case of…(+n.) “以防;万一”;
in case that…“以防，万一……”(谓语动词用一般现在时态或should+动词原形)
[例句]
In case of fire, what should we do?
Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 万一我忘了，请提醒我。
In case (that) John comes/should come, please tell him to wait.
Please take your umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).带上雨伞，以防下雨。
高中英语必备知识点
1. 一周两次 twice a week
2. 两倍那么多:twice as many as ,twice bigger than ,twice the size/length/width of
3. 一、两天 a day or two ,one or two days
4. 再两周时间 anther two weeks ,two more weeks
5. many a student has a book
6. 总而言之 in a word
7. 有能力做某事情 be able to do sth.,be capable of doing
8. 怎么样 what about doing…/how about doing
9. 当…即将要做某事情 be about to do sth…when…
10. 尤其是,最重要的是 above all
11. 缺席,不在 be absent from
12. 全神贯注于某事情 be absorbed in doing sth.
13. 主观接受:accept 客观接受(接受有形,有实物的东西) receive
14. 有权利做某事情 have access to sth.
15. 意外的 by accident=by chance
16. 交通事故 the traffic accident
17. 根据 according to
18. 考虑 take sth. into account
19. 因为,由于 on account of=because of 后面跟名词,不跟句子
20. 指责某人某事情 accuse sb of sth
指控某人某事情 charge sb with sth
钦佩某人某事情admire sb for sth
责备某人某事情 scold sb for sth ,blame sb for sth , sb be to blame for sth
21. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事情
used to do 过去常常做某事情
be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事情
22. 达到目标 achieve the goal
23. across 穿过,和on 有关,指从上面,上方穿过, through 穿过和in有关,从里面,内部穿过
walk across the street/bridge , walk through the forests
24. 担当,充当 act as , 执行 act on
25. 采取行动 take action /take measures to do sth
26. 在某方面积极 be active in… 积极参加 take an active part in=join in
27. adapt… to…适应, adopt sth/sb 领养某人,采纳某事情
28. 总计达 add up to=in all=come to , 增加,增添美景/难度add to the beauty/difficulty
把…加到…上add…to…
29. 除了…以外(还有…) in addition to=apart from=besides (看见also,else,other 选besides)
30. 足够的,适当的 adequate
31. 承认做某事情 admit doing sth , 否认做某事情 deny doing sth
32. 允许入内,被录取进入学校 be admitted into/to school
33. 预先,提前 in advance , ahead of time
34. 利用 take advantage of , make use of, by means of
35. advice, news , information 为不可数名词
36. 给某人忠告 give sb advice on sth , 听取某人的忠告 take one`s advice
37. affect 动词,影响 effect 名词,影响 对…有重大影响have a big effect on …
afford 动词,买得起,常跟在can,could,be able to后面
有足够的金钱做某事情 can afford sth/to do sth
38. be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事情 ; be afraid to do sth 不敢做某事情
39. after all 毕竟,终究
40. in the morning ; on Sunday mornings
41. 以某人的年龄来说 for one`s age
42. 答应做某事情agree to do sth , 同意某人的观点agree with sb/what sb said
(气候,食物)的适合agree with the climate 对…意见一致agree on sth
43. alive 形容词,活着的,做表语,sb be alive 某人是活着的, a man alive 活着的人
catch sb alive 活捉某人
living 形容词,活着的,做定语,the living people 活着的人,
live 形容词,现场的 broadcast live 现场直播
lively 形容的,充满活力的,灵敏的
44. for all 尽管 , first of all 首先, above all 尤其重要的是, in all 总共, after all 毕竟,终究
all over the world 世界各地区, not …at all 一点也不
45. 允许某人做某事情 allow/permit doing sth , allow/permit sb doing sth ,
sb be allowed/permitted to do sth
46. 几乎不almost not=not nearly=hardly=scarcely
47. The man lives alone , but he doesn`t feel lonely.
48. 和…相处很好,进展很好 get along/on well with sb/sth
49. 颂读课文read aloud the text , 说出声音来 speak aloud
吵闹的,喧哗的loudly
50. 除…以外别无选择have no choice but to do sth
51. 老是做某事情be always doing sth
52. 对…惊讶 be amazed at , be surprised at, be astonished at
对…满意 be pleased with , be happy with , be satisfied with
对…愤怒 be angry about/at sth, be angry with sb for sth
对…严厉 be strict with sb in sth , be hard on sb
对…担心 be worried about , be anxious about
对…感到惭愧 be shamed of sth, be shy of sth
渴望做某事情 be eager to do sth , be anxious to do sth
渴望得到某物 long for sth , hope for sth , be dying for sth , be anxious for sth
53. 修饰不可数名词: a large amount of , a great deal of , a large sum of , a little , little
修饰可数名词: a great number of , few , a few , several
两者皆可修饰:a lot of , lots of , plenty of ,the number of (…的数量)
54. 每年的,年刊annual
55. 一个接一个one after another
56. 接电话answer the call , 回信 answer the letter/reply to the letter/write to sb
对…负责answer for =be responsible for
57. 任何的一家书店 any bookstore
58. anyway 无论怎么样 anyhow 不管怎么说
59. 为某事情向某人道歉 apologize to sb for sth
60. 吸引appeal to sb = attract sb =sth catch one`s eye
高考英语语法考点
一、定语从考点
1.which引导的代表整个主句内容的非限制性定语从句which引导非限制性定语从句时可代表主句内容，前面有逗号与主句隔开。
例句：The CCTV’s 20__ Entertainment Party was successfullyheld on the evening of February 13th，20__， which wasanother great encouragement to all the Chinese.中央电视台20__年春节文娱晚会于20__年2月13日晚成功举行，这对全体中国人民来说又是一个巨大的鼓舞。
2.特定词汇+of whom ，which引导的非限制性定语从句介词(包括复杂介词)，数词(包括数量代词)及其它含局部与整体关系的特定词~E+of whom(指人)/which(指物)可以引导非限制性定语从句，此时前面不可加and，but等连词，该结构也可改为of whom /which+特定词汇引导定语从句。
例句：Our English teacher has three daughters，all of whom /ofwhom all are considerate.
我们的英语老师有三个女儿，个个都很善解人意
3.由when.where引导的先行词隐蔽度比较高的定语从句历年的高考考查实践表明，增加定语从句难度的手段之一是增加先行词的隐蔽度，如用point，case，situation等抽象的地点名词做先行词，当其在定语从句中做地点状语时用where引导定语从句的判断难度会增加，用occasion，period等表示抽象时间的名词做先行词，当其在定语从句中做时间状语时用when引导定语从句的判别难度也会增加。
例句：I’m sorry that I can’t think out a situation where thiskind of deion is used.
对不起我想不出这种描绘被使用的场合。
二、名词性从句考点
1.what引导的名词性从句
what可引导名词性从句，表示“. ·-的内容(人、时间、地点、价格、速度、方式等)”。The Great Wall of China is what I most want to visit.长城是我最想参观的地方。
2. that引导的同位语从句
that可引导同位语从句，说明被修饰名词的内容。
例句：Word hascome that the sports meeting will be put of.
有消息说运动会将被推迟。
3.whatever.whoever引导的名词性从句 whatever和whoever可引导名词Jl生从句，前者表示“无论什么 ，后者表示“不管谁 。
例句：You can give the book to whoever you think needs it.
你可以把这本书给任何你认为需要这本书的人。
4.whether,if引导的名词性从句
if只可引导宾语从句且不能和or not连用。whether可引导各种名词性从句且可和or not连用。
例句：When shall we discuss the question whether we will havea picnic next week?
我们什么时候讨论下周是否搞一次野餐的问题?
三、状语从句考点
1.where引导的地点状语从句
where可引导地点状语从句，表示“在..的地方 。0ur school lies where there is a small river.我们学校位于有一条小河的地方。
2.before引导的时间状语从句
before引导时间状语从句时可表示“在..之前，尚未来得及，趁 。
例句：Thenaughty boy had run away before I could call him tostop.
我还没有来得及叫住他，这个调皮男孩就跑开了。
3.unless.as/so long as引导的条件状语从句
unless，as/so long as可弓I导条件状语从句，前者表示。除非 ，后者表示“只要 。
例句：As/So long as you treat them truly，you can win overtheir respect.
只要你真诚地对待他们，你会赢得他们的尊敬。
4 . so that.in case引导的目的状语从句
so that，in ease可引导目的状语从旬，前者表示“以便”，后者表示“以免 。
例句：Please close all the doors and windows in ease it willrain.
请关上所有门窗，以防天会下雨。
5.while引导的让步状语从句
while可引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”。
例句：While this problem is very difficult，it is very important.
尽管这道题很难，却很重要。
四、情态动词考点
1.推测性情态动词用法
may(可许，可能)，might(可许，可能)，must(一定，必定)，can(或许，可能)均有推测性用法，其中might可能性最小，must可能性最大。may，might，must常用于肯定句，may，might用于否定句可表示“可能不 ，can常用于否定句和疑问句，用于否定句表示 不可能 。
例句：— — Can the man standing there be OUY physics teacher?
— — No.he can’t be our physics teacher.
— — 站在那边的那个人可能是我们的物理老师吗?
— — 不，不可能。
— — W i11 she buy you a birthday present?
— — 她会给你买生日礼物吗
— — She may not.but I’m no so surf~.
— — 可能不会，但我不太有把握。
2.should的用法
should常表示“应该”，但可置于句首用于条件状语从句(省去if)，表示。万一 ，还可表示 竟然
例句：Should you see the thiel,try to catch him.如果你见到小偷，尽量捉住他。
I can’t imagine such a beautiful girl should be SO lazy.
我无法想像这样一个漂亮的女孩竟如此懒惰。
3.may，must，earl’t，should (shouldn’t)，ought to(oughtn’tto).needn’t的完成式用法mav have done表示“可能已经做了某事 ，must have done表示“一定已经做了某事”，can’t have done表示“不可能已经做了某事”，should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做某事但实际未做 ，shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done表示 本来不应该做某事但实际已做”，Ileedn’t have done表示“本来没有必要做某事但实际已做”。
例句：Our Chinese teacher isn’t in her offlee，so she may /might/must have gone home.
我们的语文老师不在办公室，所以她可能/-～定回家了。
I saw his book ust now，so he can’t have lost it.
我刚才还见到了他的书，所以他不可能弄丢了这本书。
You failed the exam again.SO you should/ought to haveprepared for it.
你考试又失败了，所以你本来是应该为此做好准备的。
Thereare many mistakes in your article，SO you shouldn’t/oughtn’t have been SO careless.
你的*中有许多错误，所以你本来是不应该这么粗心的。
The exam tum ed out to be SO easy,so you needn’t aveworried about it.
这次考试结果证明这么容易，所以你本来是没有必要为此而担心的。
五、倒装句型考点
1.完全倒装句型考点
地点状语置于句首时需要使用完全倒装句型，将动词直接提前。
例句：At the back of our school stands a high tower.
我们学校后面矗立着一座高塔。
SO(肯定句中表示“也”)，neither，IOF(否定旬中表示“也”)，80.that. (引导结果状语从句)j only(不修饰主句)，no[only.but also. (不连接主语，连接两个分旬时第一个分旬倒装，第二个分句不倒装)，not until，Never，hardly，little，hardly.when.， SO SO01qe/"than，not a，nowhere，in no ease等词或短语置于句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。
例句：Only then did we realize the harm of pollution.
只有在那时我们才意识到污染的危害。
Not until early the next morning did we know the truth ofthe matter.
直到第二天一大早我们才知道了事情的真相。
Not only does she work hard but also she is very honest.
她不但工作很认真，而且人也很诚实。
2.as引导的特殊倒装句型
as引导让步状语从句时可将表语、动词、副词提前，将as紧随其后。如果表语为单数可数名词，提前时应去掉不定冠词。
例句：Weak as she was，she still went on working.
尽管她身体虚弱，仍继续工作。
Child as he is，he has rich knowledge. 尽管他还是一个小孩，却有丰富的知识。
六、虚拟语气考点
1.与过去事实相反的if虚拟条件状语从句与过去事实相反时，从句动词用had done，主句动词用would，could，should，might have done，当从句动词含有were，had，could，should时可将其提至句首将if省略。
例句：Had I known it at that time，I would have told you.
如果那时我知道这件事一定告诉了你。
2.混合虚拟条件从句
如果if虚拟条件状语主从句时态不一致，应根据各自所体现的时间关系加以适当的调整，采用不同的动词形式。
例句：If she had told me her telephone number yesterday，Icould phone her now.
如果她昨天把她的电话号码告诉了我，我现在就可以给她打电话了。
3.with.without.but for引导的含蓄虚拟条件从句with，without，but for可取代if引导含蓄虚拟条件从句。
例句：With your help，I could have made more achievements.
如果得到你的帮助，我一定会取得更多成就。
Without your support. I couldn’t have accomplished mytask SO smoothly.
没有你的支持我不可能如此顺利地完成任务。
But for the information.I couldn’t have made such agood plan.
要不是这个信息我不可能制定这么好的计划。
4.wish引导的表示过去主观愿望的宾语从句
wish引导宾语从句时如果表示过去的主观愿望，从句动词应用had done或could have done。
例句：I wish I had /could have watched that basketball matchyesterdayafternoon.
我希望我昨天下午看了那场篮球赛。
5.insist，suggest引导的宾语从句
insist，suggest接宾语从若表示建议应用虚拟语气，动词形式为(should)do，但如果insist表示 坚持认为，固执己见 ，suggest表示。表明、暗示 ，所在宾语从句应用陈述语气。
例句：Thedoctor insisted that the patient was seriously ill and(should)be 0Dcrated 0n at once. 医生坚持认为病人病得很严重，建议其立即做手术。
The dark cloud in the sky suggests that it is going torain，SO I suggest that you (should)get in all the crops.
天上的黑云表明天要下雨了，所以我建议你把所有的庄稼收上来。
七、不定式考点
1.不定式做目的状语
不定式可做目的状语，如果对其强调可将其提至句首，此时应注意人称一致。
为了及时赶到那里，她将自行车骑得很快。
误：T0 get there in time.her bike waS ridden fast.
正：To get there in time.she rode her bike fast.
2.不定式做结果状语
不定式可做结果状语，强调出乎意料的动作，此时前面可加onlyo
例句:I went to see her to find her absent.
我去看她结果发现她不在家。
She hurried to the station to be told the train had left.
她匆忙赶往火车站，结果被告知火车已经开走。
3.不定式的复杂形式
不定式除有一般式外，还有否定式not to do,进行式to bedoing、完成式to have done、被动式to be done、完成被动式tohave beendone等复杂形式。
例句;All the employees worked hard not to be fired.
为了不被解雇，所有的员工努力工作。Mary is said to have come back from abroad. 据说玛丽已经从国外回来。
This book is reported to have been translated into manyforeign languages.
据说这本书已经被译成多国文字。
I’m sure she is sure to be impatiently waiting for US.
我相信她一定在不耐烦地等待我们。
Nobody likes to be scolded in public.
没有人喜欢在公共场合受到别人的责备。
4.不定式独立主格结构
with+名词+不定式可构成独立主格结构做状语，表示未来的动作。
例句：Witha lot of work to do，I can’t help you at present.
因为有许多工作要做，我现在不能帮助你。
八、V—ing形式考点
1.V—ing形式做宾语
excuse. f0r. ，can’t help，suggest，include，insist on，keep on， consider, finish， practice， put off, postpone， delay，miss，avoid，give up，imagine，feel like，enjoy，risk，mind，appreciate，stand，escape等词后面只能接V—ing形式做宾语。remember 得曾做某事)，forget(忘了曾做某事)，mean(意谓着)，try(尝试)，regret (后悔)，go on (继续做同一件事)，stop(停止做某事)，need(主语需要被..)等词表示括号内的含义时也应接v—ing形式做宾语。
例句：The hare was lucky enough to have avoided being caught.
这只野兔很幸运，错过了被捉住。
She can hardly stand being treated SO unfairly.她几乎忍受不了被如此不公平地对待。
— —Sorry.I took your English—Chinese dictionary bymistake.
— — — — By mistake? I think you meant tO do SO.
— — 对不起，我拿错了你的英汉字典。
— — 拿错了 我认为你是有意这么做的。
2.V—ing形式做定语
V—ing形式做定语可表示被修饰名词的的用途和性质，也可表示正在进行的动作。
例句：The great noise comes from the building being built now.
这巨大的噪音来自正在被建的楼房。
3.V—ing形式做状语
V—ing形式做状语常表示动作正在进行，此时应注意它的逻辑主语为主句主语。
例句：Holding a book in his hand，he came into the room.
他手里拿着一本书走进了房间。
读这本书时，这女孩热泪盈眶。
误：Reading this book，tears came to the girl’s eyes.
误：Reading this book.the girl’s eyes were full of tears.
正：Reading this book.the girl bumt into tears.
4. V—ing形式做宾语补足语
V—ing形式做宾语补足语也表示动作正在进行。
例句：WhenI came to the five~ide.I f0und girl struggling inthe water.
来到河边时我看见一个女孩在水中挣扎。
5. V—ing形式独立主格结构
with+名词+V—ing形式可构成独立主格结构做状语，表示正在进行的动作。
例句：With the water still rising，the villages couldn’t return totheir village.
因为水位还在上涨，村民们无法回到村里。
6.V—ing形式复杂形式
V—ing形式除有一般式外还有完成式having done，被动式being done，完成被动式having been done，否定式not doing，完成否定式not having done，完成被动式的否定式not havingbeen done。
例句：Havingsaid goodbye to each other， the children wenthome.
彼此说了再见之后，孩子们回家了。
When 1entered their office，I found the meeting beingheld.
当我进入他们的办公室时，我发现这次会议正在被举行。
Having been put on many times，the film became verypopular.
被放映多次之后，这场电影变得非常走俏。
Not having been elected a model teacher， the youngwoman felt very disappointed.
没有被选为模范教师，这个年轻女子感到非常失望。
九、过去分词考点猜想
1.过去分词做状语
过去分词做状语常表示被动的动作，也可因来自系表结构而表示主动的动作。
例句：Caught in a heavy rain，the girl was all wet.
因为被浇了一场大雨，这女孩浑身湿透了。
Dressed in a newly bought skirt，the young woman lookedmore charming.
因为穿着一条新买的裙子，这个年轻女子看起来更妩媚了。
2.过去分词独立主格结构
with+名词+过去分词可构成独立主格结构做状语，表示被动的动作。
例句：With his homework finished， the boy went out to getrelaxed.
因为家庭作业完成了，这个男孩出去放松了一下。
