【论著】陈志海教授团队|新型冠状病毒Delta变异株与Omicro...

呼吸科空间说 2024-10-10 14:37:35

在《感染性疾病与免疫(英文)》2023年第2期中,陈志海教授团队发表了题为“Difference of Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Omicron and Delta Variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Beijing, China”的论著。内容简介、中英文摘要及作者简介如下:

01

内容简介

Delta和Omicron变异株是2021年以来全球流行的两个主要新型冠状病毒变异株。本研究表明感染Delta变异株的患者病情更重、以发热和咳嗽为主要症状,更易出现肺炎。而感染Omicron变异株的患者大多病情较轻,以咽干或咽痛为主的上呼吸道症状更为突出,只有少数患者发展为肺炎。此外,与Delta变异株感染者相比,Omicron变异株感染患者的病毒转阴时间更短,肺部炎症好转更快。

Authors: Di Tian, YangPan, Ziruo Ge, Xiangjing Kong, Yao Zhang, Qing Zhang, Aibin Wang, Peng Yang, Zhihai Chen

How to cite this article: Tian D, Pan Y,Ge Z, et al. Difference of clinical characteristics in patients with omicron and delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 in Beijing, China. Infect Dis Immun 2023;3(2):75–82. doi: 10.1097/ID9.0000000000000081Funding: This study was supported by the Chang Jiang Scholars program (2019077).

02

中文摘要

背景: Delta和Omicron变异株是2021年以来全球流行的两个主要新型冠状病毒变异株。然而,Omicron变异株感染者的临床特征与Delta变异株感染者的明显不同,本研究对此进行了回顾性分析。

方法:本研究纳入2022年1月至4月北京地坛医院收治的确诊新型冠状病毒感染的患者,所有患者呼吸道样本送北京疾控中心进行全基因组测序。根据患者测序结果以及流行病学分析,将患者分为Delta变异株感染和Omicron变异株感染两组,比较两组患者的临床严重程度、症状、疫苗接种情况、实验室指标、病毒转阴时间和胸部CT变化。

结果: 共纳入292例新型冠状病毒感染患者,其中109例患者为Delta变异株感染者、183例患者为Omicron变异株感染者。全基因测序共获得了94个Delta变异毒株和110个Omicron变异毒株(图1)。在110个Omicron变异株中,3个为BA.1.1,53个为BA.2,54个为BA.2.2。Delta变异株感染的患者中,54%(59/109)为普通型患者,明显多于Omicron变异株感染的患者(7%(12/183),P<0.001)。Omicron变异株感染组轻型患者人数明显多于Delta变异株感染组(80% vs.5%,P<0.001)。与Omicron变异株感染组相比,Delta变异株感染组中患有基础疾病或肥胖、60岁以上或未接种疫苗的患者病情更严重,两组之间有统计学差异。Omicron变异株感染组患者的病毒转阴时间比Delta变异株感染组患者短(分别为11.9±5.9天,14.0±5.8天,P=0.003)。在Omicron感染组患者中,104人(57%)有咽干或咽痛的症状,多于Delta组的患者(34%,P<0.001)。Omicron变异株感染组患者的胸部CT肺炎病变好转时间比Delta变异株感染组短(分别为9.0±5.2天,13.2±4.2天,P=0.018)。

图1 基于SARS-CoV-2全基因组序列的邻居连接系统发育树

结论: 感染Delta变异株的患者病情更重、更易出现肺炎,以发热和咳嗽为主要症状。而感染Omicron变异株的患者大多病情较轻,以咽干或咽痛为主的上呼吸道症状更为突出,只有少数患者发展为有肺炎症状的普通型。此外,与Delta变异株感染者相比,Omicron变异株感染患者的病毒转阴时间更短,肺部炎症好转更快。

03

Abstract

Background: Delta and Omicron are two main variants that have been prevalent since 2021. However, the Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 shows a less severe clinical presentation and high transmissibility. Therefore, we carried out this retrospective study to evaluate Omicron severity compared with theDelta variant and further comprehend the differences in clinical characteristics in patients with the Omicron variant.

Methods: We extracted clinical data and compared clinical severity, symptoms, vaccination status, laboratory parameters, viral shedding time, and computed tomography (CT) imaging between the two groups of patients, which included 109 COVID-19 cases with the Delta variant and 183 cases with the Omicron variant, from January 19 to April 1, 2022, in Beijing Ditan Hospital. In addition, the Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control conducted whole-genome sequencing.Results: We obtained 94 strains of variants of concern/Delta and 110 strains of variants of concern/Omicron. For the 110 Omicron strains, three were assigned as BA.1.1, 53 as BA.2, and 54 as BA.2.2. Among patients with the Delta variant, 54%(59/109) weremoderate, which was significantly higher than that of patients with the Omicron variant (7% (12/183), P < 0.001). The number of patients with mild symptoms in theOmicron groupwas significantly higher than in the Delta group (80%vs. 35%, P < 0.001). Compared with the Omicron group, patients with underlying diseases or obesity, 60 years or older, or unvaccinated in the Delta group had more severe disease, and there was a significant difference between the two groups. The viral shedding time in the Omicron group was shorter than in the Delta group ((11.9 ± 5.9) vs. (14.0 ± 5.8) days, P = 0.003). Among the 183 patients in theOmicron group, 104 (57%) had dry or sore throat symptoms, more than those in the Delta group (34% (37/109); P < 0.001). In the Delta group, patients in the moderate group had more fever and cough symptoms than those in the mild group. The remission time of CT imaging in the Omicron group was shorter than in the Delta group ((9.0 ± 5.2) vs. (13.2 ± 4.2) days, P = 0.018).Conclusions: Patients with Delta variants are more likely to have pneumonia, mainly with fever and cough symptoms, while patients with the Omicron variant are mostly mild, with more prominent dry or sore throat symptoms. In addition, patients with the Omicron variant have a short viral shedding time and rapid absorption of pneumonia.Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; Delta variant; Omicron variant; Clinical characteristics

04

作者简介

通讯作者 陈志海 主任医师 博士生导师

北京地坛医院感染性临床诊疗中心主任

教育部长江学者,215工程学科骨干,十百千人才计划百层次人才。卫生部疾病预防控制专家委员会委员,卫生部突发事件卫生应急专家咨询委员会委员。国家卫生标准委员会传染病标准专业委员委员,中华医学会北京分会感染专业委员会副主任委员,中华医学会感染病学分会委员,中华医学会热带病与寄生虫学分会委员,北京预防医学会感染病学专委会副主任委员;北京市住院医师规范化培训专业委员会(内科)副主任委员。

1990年7月至今,一直在北京地坛医院从事感染性疾病的临床诊治工作,对各种感染性的诊断治疗有丰富的临床经验。牵头制定国家卫生行业标准1项,参与了人感染猪链球菌病、狂犬病、手足口病、甲型H1N1流感、发热伴血小板减少综合征、布鲁菌病、黄热病等临床诊疗方案或指南的制定。主持或参与省部级以上课题10余项。主编或副主编著作10余部。以第一作者或通讯作者发表论文50余篇。制定了《人感染猪链球菌病诊疗方案》、《狂犬病暴露后处置工作规范》、《糖皮质激素类药物临床应用指导原则》、《狂犬病预防控制技术指南》(2016版)、《手足口病诊疗指南(2018版)》、《甲型H1N1流感诊疗方案》、《人感染新型布尼亚病防治指南》、《布鲁氏菌病诊疗指南》、《黄热病诊疗指南》、《埃博拉出血热诊疗方案》等国家级方案或指南。

第一作者 田地 副主任医师

首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院, 博士在读

北京预防医学会感染病学专业委员会青年委员会委员,中国研究型医院学会肝病(中西医结合)专业委员会委员,北京慢病防治管理协会肝病委员会委员。主持新发突发传染病研究北京市重点实验室开放研究课题和首都医科大学附属北京地坛医院院内科研基金,参与北京市扬帆计划项目、国家科技重大项目、国家自然科学基金项目等多个重大项目。

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