统信UOS/麒麟KYLINOS上创建GPT分区

原文链接：

hello，大家好啊！今天我要给大家带来的是在统信UOS及麒麟KYLINOS操作系统上创建GPT（GUID Partition Table）分区的教程。在现代计算机系统中，GPT分区表因其高效和灵活性而越来越受欢迎，它支持的磁盘大小和分区数量远超传统的MBR（Master Boot Record）分区表。本文将指导您如何在这两个操作系统上创建GPT分区，操作相对简单。

注意事项

在进行分区操作之前，请确保您已经备份了所有重要数据。确保您了解每一步操作的含义，错误的操作可能会导致数据丢失。GPT分区表适用于启动UEFI系统，而MBR通常用于启动传统BIOS系统。确保您的系统支持UEFI。

1.查看系统信息

pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ cat /etc/os-version [Version] SystemName=UOS DesktopSystemName[zh_CN]=统信桌面操作系统ProductType=DesktopProductType[zh_CN]=桌面EditionName=ProfessionalEditionName[zh_CN]=专业版MajorVersion=20MinorVersion=1060OsBuild=11014.100.100pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ uname -aLinux pdsyw-PC 4.19.0-arm64-desktop #6034 SMP Thu Aug 17 13:12:04 CST 2023 aarch64 GNU/Linuxpdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$

2.查看磁盘分区

pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ sudo -i请输入密码:验证成功root@pdsyw-PC:~# root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted -lModel: ATA 1060-0 SSD (scsi)Disk /dev/sda: 68.7GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096BPartition Table: gptDisk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 316MB 315MB fat32 primary boot, esp 2 316MB 1926MB 1611MB ext4 primary 3 1926MB 10.6GB 8640MB linux-swap(v1) primary 4 10.6GB 22.7GB 12.1GB ext4 primary 5 22.7GB 38.8GB 16.1GB ext4 primary 6 38.8GB 54.9GB 16.1GB ext4 primary 7 54.9GB 68.7GB 13.8GB ext4 primaryWarning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (只读文件系统). /dev/sr0 has been openedread-only.Error: /dev/sr0: unrecognised disk labelModel: Virtual DVD-ROM (scsi) Disk /dev/sr0: 3658MBSector size (logical/physical): 2048B/2048BPartition Table: unknownDisk Flags: root@pdsyw-PC:~#

3.添加sdb磁盘后查看分区

pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ sudo -i请输入密码:验证成功root@pdsyw-PC:~# root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted -lModel: ATA 1060-0 SSD (scsi)Disk /dev/sda: 68.7GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096BPartition Table: gptDisk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 316MB 315MB fat32 primary boot, esp 2 316MB 1926MB 1611MB ext4 primary 3 1926MB 10.6GB 8640MB linux-swap(v1) primary 4 10.6GB 22.7GB 12.1GB ext4 primary 5 22.7GB 38.8GB 16.1GB ext4 primary 6 38.8GB 54.9GB 16.1GB ext4 primary 7 54.9GB 68.7GB 13.8GB ext4 primaryError: /dev/sdb: unrecognised disk labelModel: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 107GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096BPartition Table: unknownDisk Flags: Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (只读文件系统). /dev/sr0 has been openedread-only.Error: /dev/sr0: unrecognised disk labelModel: Virtual DVD-ROM (scsi) Disk /dev/sr0: 3658MBSector size (logical/physical): 2048B/2048BPartition Table: unknownDisk Flags: root@pdsyw-PC:~#

4.查看parted是否安装

root@pdsyw-PC:~# apt policy partedparted: 已安装：3.2.1-25+dde 候选： 3.2.1-25+dde 版本列表： *** 3.2.1-25+dde 500 500 https://professional-packages.chinauos.com/desktop-professional eagle/main arm64 Packages 500 https://professional-security.chinauos.com eagle/1060/main arm64 Packages 100 /usr/lib/dpkg-db/statusroot@pdsyw-PC:~#

5.如果没有安装可以通过apt安装

root@pdsyw-PC:~# apt update 获取:2 https://pro-driver-packages.uniontech.com eagle InRelease [8,386 B] 获取:3 https://pro-driver-packages.uniontech.com eagle/non-free arm64 Packages [334 kB] 获取:1 https://cdn-professional-security.chinauos.com eagle/1060 InRelease [28.8 kB] 获取:4 https://cdn-professional-security.chinauos.com eagle/1060/main arm64 Packages [17.8 MB] 获取:5 https://app-store-files.uniontech.com/240102101047559/appstore eagle-pro InRelease [6,134 B]获取:6 https://app-store-files.uniontech.com/240102101047559/appstore eagle-pro/appstore arm64 Packages [1,691 kB]命中:8 https://professional-packages.chinauos.com/printer eagle InRelease 获取:7 https://professional-packages.chinauos.com/desktop-professional eagle InRelease [28.8 kB]已下载 19.9 MB，耗时 6秒 (3,511 kB/s)正在读取软件包列表... 完成正在分析软件包的依赖关系树正在读取状态信息... 完成有 61 个软件包可以升级。请执行 ‘apt list --upgradable’ 来查看它们。root@pdsyw-PC:~# apt install parted -y正在读取软件包列表... 完成正在分析软件包的依赖关系树正在读取状态信息... 完成 parted 已经是最新版 (3.2.1-25+dde)。parted 已设置为手动安装。下列软件包是自动安装的并且现在不需要了： aria2 libaria2-0 sqlite3使用'apt autoremove'来卸载它(它们)。升级了 0 个软件包，新安装了 0 个软件包，要卸载 0 个软件包，有 61 个软件包未被升级。root@pdsyw-PC:~#

6.使用parted分区

root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdbGNU Parted 3.2Using /dev/sdbWelcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.(parted) mklabel gpt Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will belost. Do you want to continue?Yes/No? yes (parted) mkpart primary ext4 0GB 20GB (parted) print Model: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb: 107GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096BPartition Table: gptDisk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 20.0GB 20.0GB ext4 primary(parted) quitInformation: You may need to update /etc/fstab.root@pdsyw-PC:~#

7.查看磁盘信息

root@pdsyw-PC:~# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 64G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 300M 0 part /boot/efi├─sda2 8:2 0 1.5G 0 part /boot├─sda3 8:3 0 8G 0 part [SWAP]├─sda4 8:4 0 11.3G 0 part /recovery├─sda5 8:5 0 15G 0 part /├─sda6 8:6 0 15G 0 part └─sda7 8:7 0 12.9G 0 part /datasdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk └─sdb1 8:17 0 18.6G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 3.4G 0 rom /media/pdsyw/UOS 20root@pdsyw-PC:~# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1mke2fs 1.44.5 (15-Dec-2018)Discarding device blocks: done Creating filesystem with 4882432 4k blocks and 1220608 inodesFilesystem UUID: a52ef1f9-e9dd-4311-be99-e5649a931e4bSuperblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000Allocating group tables: done Writing inode tables: done Creating journal (32768 blocks): doneWriting superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done root@pdsyw-PC:~#

8.挂载分区

root@pdsyw-PC:~# mkdir /newdataroot@pdsyw-PC:~# root@pdsyw-PC:~# mount /dev/sdb1 /newdata/root@pdsyw-PC:~# root@pdsyw-PC:~# df -h文件系统容量已用可用已用% 挂载点udev 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /devtmpfs 796M 1.4M 795M 1% /run/dev/sda5 15G 7.0G 7.0G 51% /tmpfs 3.9G 6.1M 3.9G 1% /dev/shmtmpfs 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/locktmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup/dev/sda4 12G 41M 11G 1% /recovery/dev/sda2 1.5G 206M 1.2G 15% /boot/dev/sda1 300M 5.4M 294M 2% /boot/efi/dev/sda7 13G 4.0G 8.0G 34% /datatmpfs 796M 40K 796M 1% /run/user/1000/dev/sr0 3.5G 3.5G 0 100% /media/pdsyw/UOS 20/dev/sdb1 19G 45M 18G 1% /newdataroot@pdsyw-PC:~#

9.将挂载信息加入到fstab中

root@pdsyw-PC:~# cp /etc/fstab{,.bak}root@pdsyw-PC:~# root@pdsyw-PC:~# vim /etc/fstabroot@pdsyw-PC:~# cat /etc/fstab# /etc/fstab: static file system information.## Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).# /dev/sda5 LABEL=RootaUUID=fea4ee50-df9d-4f4c-a921-390eb70db3dd / ext4 rw,relatime 0 1# /dev/sda2 LABEL=BootUUID=5a1ac5f5-bd68-4b26-a9bb-75df179ea812 /boot ext4 rw,relatime 0 2# /dev/sda1 LABEL=EFIUUID=CEE9-84DF /boot/efi vfat rw,relatime,fmask=0022,dmask=0022,codepage=437,iocharset=iso8859-1,shortname=mixed,utf8,errors=remount-ro 0 2# /dev/sda4 LABEL=BackupUUID=6cc55be5-c8ed-4930-aef7-2ad91d0e8475 /recovery ext4 rw,relatime 0 2# /dev/sda7 LABEL=_dde_dataUUID=95bd3d66-8669-45be-b596-77944abca15f /data ext4 rw,relatime 0 2# /dev/sda3 LABEL=SWAPUUID=9aaca392-458c-4f32-925b-04692d3f9a43 none swap defaults 0 0/data/home /home none defaults,bind 0 0/data/opt /opt none defaults,bind 0 0/data/root /root none defaults,bind 0 0/data/var /var none defaults,bind 0 0/dev/sdb1 /newdata ext4 defaults 0 0root@pdsyw-PC:~#

10.使用mount -a挂载查看是否报错

root@pdsyw-PC:~# mount -aroot@pdsyw-PC:~# root@pdsyw-PC:~# chown pdsyw. /newdata -Rroot@pdsyw-PC:~# root@pdsyw-PC:~# ls -ltr /newdata/总用量 16drwx------ 2 pdsyw pdsyw 16384 1月 2 10:26 lost+foundroot@pdsyw-PC:~#

11.在文件管理器中查看

12.重启系统

13.登录系统

14.文件管理器中依旧存在

15.添加分区

pdsyw@pdsyw-PC:~/Desktop$ sudo -i请输入密码:验证成功root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdbGNU Parted 3.2Using /dev/sdbWelcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.(parted) mkpart primary ext4 20GB 40GB(parted) print Model: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb: 107GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096BPartition Table: gptDisk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 20.0GB 20.0GB ext4 primary 2 20.0GB 40.0GB 20.0GB ext4 primary(parted)

16.查看新添加的分区

17.删除分区

root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdbGNU Parted 3.2Using /dev/sdbWelcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.(parted) print Model: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb: 107GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096BPartition Table: gptDisk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 20.0GB 20.0GB ext4 primary 2 20.0GB 40.0GB 20.0GB primary(parted) rm 2 (parted) print Model: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb: 107GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096BPartition Table: gptDisk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 20.0GB 20.0GB ext4 primary(parted)

18.查看删除后的分区

19.无交互添加新分区

root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb --script -- mkpart primary 20GB 40GBroot@pdsyw-PC:~# root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb printModel: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb: 107GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096BPartition Table: gptDisk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 20.0GB 20.0GB ext4 primary 2 20.0GB 40.0GB 20.0GB primaryroot@pdsyw-PC:~# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTsda 8:0 0 64G 0 disk ├─sda1 8:1 0 300M 0 part /boot/efi├─sda2 8:2 0 1.5G 0 part /boot├─sda3 8:3 0 8G 0 part [SWAP]├─sda4 8:4 0 11.3G 0 part /recovery├─sda5 8:5 0 15G 0 part /├─sda6 8:6 0 15G 0 part └─sda7 8:7 0 12.9G 0 part /datasdb 8:16 0 100G 0 disk ├─sdb1 8:17 0 18.6G 0 part /newdata└─sdb2 8:18 0 18.6G 0 part sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom

20.无交互删除分区

root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb printModel: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb: 107GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096BPartition Table: gptDisk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 20.0GB 20.0GB ext4 primary 2 20.0GB 40.0GB 20.0GB primaryroot@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb --script -- rm 2root@pdsyw-PC:~# parted /dev/sdb printModel: ATA 1060-1 SSD (scsi)Disk /dev/sdb: 107GBSector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096BPartition Table: gptDisk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 20.0GB 20.0GB ext4 primaryroot@pdsyw-PC:~#

通过在统信UOS及麒麟KYLINOS上创建GPT分区，您可以更好地利用现代硬盘的大容量和灵活性。GPT分区表提供了比MBR更先进的分区技术，适用于各种存储需求。

希望这篇文章能帮助到需要在统信UOS及麒麟KYLINOS上进行磁盘分区的朋友们。如果你有任何问题或者更多的经验分享，请在评论区留言，我们一起讨论。

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