对于大国来说没有哪个国家能够各个领域都超越对手，各国有各国的强项，各有各的杀手锏，有的喜欢高调而威慑对方，有的喜欢低调而到时让你吃不了兜着走。中国人民是爱好和平的，发展高精尖产业是为了维护世界和平和提高人民生活质量，以武止战，以武促和。在美版知乎Quora上，美国网友问：中国有哪些西方没有的技术？我们看看各国网友的观点。
问题
华裔网友詹米•王的回答
China still lags behind the West in basic scientific research. However, China does lead in five technological fields:
中国在基础科学研究方面仍然落后于西方。然而，中国确实在5个技术领域处于领先地位：
1. China owns almost all core patents for UHV transmission.
1、特高压输电，中国几乎拥有所有核心专利。
China has more natural resources in the west, but its economic core is located along the east coast. To balance this difference, China has built three main transmission lines from west to east, with each line exceeding 1000 kilometers.
中国在西部有更多的自然资源，但其经济核心位于东部沿海。为了平衡这一差异，中国修建了3条由西向东输电的主要线路，每条线路超过1000公里。
特高压输电线
In order to reduce the loss during transmission, the best method is to increase the voltage. From the perspective of ordinary people, this may not be a big problem. However, when we talk about power from 500 kV to 1000 kV, the technical difficulty becomes extremely difficult.
为了降低传输过程中的损耗，最好的方法是提高电压。从普通人的角度来看，这可能不是什么大问题。然而，当我们谈论500千伏到1000千伏的电力时，技术难度就极大了。
2. Laser technology
2、激光技术
China is in a leading position in this field. It took the United States seven years to break the export ban on KBBF (a type of crystal). When the United States produced its own KBBF, China already had a better KBBF.
中国在这一领域处于领先地位。美国花了7年时间打破了KBBF（某种晶体）的出口禁令。当美国制造出自己的KBBF时，中国已经有了更好的KBBF。
KBBF technology has been applied to the laser weapons of China's Type 99 main battle tank. Within 5 kilometers, it has a 100% chance of blinding its opponent. It is not only their observation equipment that causes blindness, but also the human eye.
中国99式主战坦克的激光武器就应用了KBBF技术。在5公里以内，它有100％的机会致盲对手。致盲的不只是他们的观察设备，还有人眼。
3. Limb replantation
3、肢体再植
In China, there is a case where a person's hand is cut into more than 20 pieces. Chinese doctors not only reassembled the hand from the debris, but even preserved most of its functions.
在中国有一个案例，一个人的手被切成20多块。中国医生不仅将手从碎片中重新组装起来，甚至保留了它的大部分功能。
4、 12306 Ticketing website
4、 12306购票网站
This is the name of the China Railway Booking website, which reached a peak of 150 billion visits per day in 2018.
这是中国铁路订票网站的名称，2018年，它的访问量达到了每天1500亿次的峰值。
Considering that the website will be maintained from 11pm to 6am every day, a total of 6 hours, and its effective working time is 18 hours. Therefore, on average, it must be able to handle 2.3 million accesses per second. If you consider that most people will also focus on purchasing tickets within a specific time period, the pressure on access will be even greater.
考虑到该网站每天会从晚上11点维护到早上6点，一共6个小时，其有效工作时间为18个小时。因此，平均而言，它每秒必须能够处理230万次访问。如果考虑到大多数人还会集中在特定时间段内购买车票的情况，那访问压力将更大。
All American IT giants have rejected the request of Chinese railway companies to establish ticketing systems.
所有美国IT巨头都拒绝了中国铁路公司建立票务系统的请求。
This is a railway map of China. The main difficulty in building a ticketing system for this purpose is not just the daily or per second access time, which can be solved by deploying more servers. The really tricky issue is that for every ticket sold, all relevant routes must interact with it.
这是中国的铁路地图。为此构建票务系统的主要困难不仅仅是每天或每秒的访问时间，这都可以通过部署更多服务器来解决。真正棘手的问题是：每售出1张车票，所有相关路线都必须与之产生互动。
In today's online shopping system, there is a term called SKU. What is a SKU? For example, if a person purchases a product from Amazon, the entire system will decrease by 1 SKU. However, in online ticketing systems, this concept will become extremely complex. Take the G71 high-speed railway from Beijing to Shenzhen as an example: This high-speed railway has 17 stops and 3 different seat categories. After arranging and combining, there are 408 possibilities for a ticket, namely 408 SKUs.
在如今的线上购物系统中，有一个术语称为SKU。什么是SKU呢？打个比方，如果一个人从亚马逊购买了一件商品，则整个系统就会减少1 SKU。然而，在线上票务系统中，这个概念将会变得异常复杂。以从北京到深圳的G71号高铁为例：该列高铁有17个停靠站和3种不同的座位类别，排列组合后一张车票共有408种可能，即408 SKU。
If a person buys a pass ticket (from Beijing to Shenzhen), 136 SKUs will be subtracted from the system. However, if tickets are sold between any intermediate stations, the calculation will become extremely complex. And the calculation must be completed in a very short time, as there are more than 2 million visits per day, and anyone may request to purchase tickets along this route.
如果一个人买了一张通票（从北京到深圳），则系统中将会减去136 SKU。但是，如果在任何中间车站之间售票，则计算将变得异常复杂。并且该计算必须在极短的时间内完成，因为每天有超过200万人次的访问，而任何人都可能要求沿着这条路线购买车票。
In addition, the sale of any ticket must be synchronized to all core hubs and all terminals (including ticketing windows, vending machines, agents, websites, and mobile apps) to ensure that duplicate bookings are not made.
另外，任何一张车票的出售都必须同步到所有核心集线器和所有终端机（包括票务窗口，自动售货机，代理商，网站和手机APP），以确保不会重复预订。
In fact, the real situation is much more complex than described above. 12306 now sells 3 billion tickets annually, making it the largest online ticketing system in the world. There are many Chinese companies behind it, and Alibaba is one of them.
实际上，真实情况比上面描述的还要复杂很多。12306现在每年可售出30亿张票，是全球最大的在线票务系统。在它的背后有许多中国公司，阿里巴巴就是其中之一。
5. Bridge construction.
5、桥梁施工
最高桥梁列表-维基百科
6. Last but not least, it comes from the world's largest die forging hydraulic press.
6、最后但同样重要的是，来自世界上最大的模锻液压机。
Under pressure from a technical blockade: China hopes that the 10 story tall machine will boost its aviation industry. Just search Google for an 80000 ton hydraulic press and it will know how powerful it is. It has indeed promoted the development of China's aviation industry. In addition, the Second Middle School is exporting components to Airbus, and I personally handled them during logistics.
技术封锁的压力之下：中国希望这台10层楼高的机器将提振其航空业。只要在谷歌上搜索8万吨液压机，它就知道它有多厉害了了。它确实促进了中国航空业的发展。此外，二中正在向空中客车公司出口零部件，我还在物流时亲自处理过。
The main reason why China still lags behind is the previous generation, or as I said, basic scientific research.
中国仍然落后的主要是上一代，或者正如我所说，基础科学研究。
In the new generation, only the United States and China can undertake all the projects that burn money alone. This is why, with the power of an EU, their Galileo system is still quite fragmented.
在新一代人中，只有美国和中国能够独自承担所有烧钱的项目。这就是为什么凭借一个欧盟的力量，而他们的伽利略系统仍然相当破碎。
美国专家唐纳德•坎托纳的回答
The following article from Reuters is a bit disturbing, but in any case, we are behind... China is ahead of the United States in terms of powerful ultra fast missiles.
路透社的以下文章有点令人不安，但无论如何，是我们落后了…中国在强大的超快导弹方面领先美国。
According to senior U.S. officials, China is ahead of the United States in the race to deploy hypersonic missiles that will defeat existing air defense systems.
据美国高级官员称，中国在部署高超音速导弹的竞赛中领先于美国，该导弹将击败现有的防空系统。
The combination of speed, mobility, and altitude of these missiles makes them difficult to track and intercept. Their flight speed is more than five times the speed of sound, at about 6200 kilometers (3853 miles) per hour. According to US and other Western weapons researchers, some weapons will fly at speeds of up to 25000 kilometers per hour. This is about 25 times the size of a modern airliner.
这些导弹的速度、机动性和高度相结合，使其难以跟踪和拦截。它们的飞行速度是音速的五倍多，约为每小时6200公里（3853英里）。据美国和其他西方武器研究人员称，一些武器的飞行速度将高达每小时25000公里。这大约是现代客机的25倍。
General Harry Harris, former commander of the US Pacific Command, told the House of Representatives Military Committee last February that hypersonic weapons are one of a series of advanced technologies, and China is beginning to surpass the US military and challenge its dominance in the Asia Pacific region.
美国太平洋司令部前司令哈里·哈里斯上将去年2月告诉众议院军事委员会，高超音速武器是一系列先进技术之一，中国正开始超越美国军队，挑战其在亚太地区的主导地位。
Last April, Michael Griffin, the Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering, told the Senate Military Committee that China had deployed or was about to deploy hypersonic systems equipped with conventional warheads. He said these missiles can travel thousands of kilometers from the Chinese coast, threatening U.S. forward bases or aircraft carrier battle groups.
去年4月，美国国防部负责研究和工程的副部长迈克尔·格里芬告诉参议院军事委员会，中国已经部署或即将部署配备常规弹头的高超音速系统。他说，这些导弹可以从中国海岸出发数千公里，威胁到美国的前沿基地或航母战斗群。
"We don't have a defense system," Griffin said
格里芬说：“我们没有防御系统。”
Russia may have deployed hypersonic weapons. At a military parade last May, the Russian military demonstrated what it had earlier called hypersonic missiles. Russian President Vladimir Putin called the missile invincible.
俄罗斯可能已经部署了高超音速武器。在去年5月的一次阅兵式上，俄罗斯军方展示了它早些时候所说的高超音速导弹。俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京称这种导弹是不可战胜的。
In 2014, the Chinese military said it had conducted a hypersonic test flight. According to US military officials, by the beginning of 2016, it had conducted six successful tests.
2014年，中国军方表示已经进行了一次高超音速试飞。据美国军方官员称，到2016年初，它已经进行了六次成功的测试。
In early November, China demonstrated a new ballistic anti ship missile, the CM-401, at a biennial air show in the southern city of Zhuhai. State media reports say the new missile is a hypersonic weapon. An information group next to the new missile model stated that the CM-401 is a "hypersonic" ballistic missile with a trajectory that can reach near space. The Panel of Experts stated that it has a range of up to 290 kilometers.
11月初，中国在南部城市珠海举行的两年一度的航展上展示了一种新型弹道反舰导弹CM-401。官方媒体的报道称，新型导弹是一种高超音速武器。新导弹模型旁边的一个信息小组表示，CM-401是一种“高超音速”弹道导弹，其弹道可到达近太空。专家小组表示，它的射程高达290公里。
According to U.S. and other Western weapons analysts and military officials, China, Russia, and the United States have focused their research and development on two types of such weapons: hypersonic gliders and cruise missiles that fly at hypersonic speeds. Both types can carry conventional or nuclear payloads.
据美国和其他西方武器分析人士和军事官员称，中国、俄罗斯和美国已将研发重点放在两类此类武器上：高超音速滑翔飞行器和以高超音速飞行的巡航导弹。这两种类型都可以携带常规或核有效载荷。
The hypersonic glider is lifted on a rocket to an altitude of 40 to 100 kilometers above the Earth, then separated and glided towards the target along the upper atmosphere. The altitude and speed at which it is released allows it to glide to the target without power. The control surface of a glider means that it can turn in unpredictable directions and maneuver sharply as it approaches an impact.
高超音速滑翔飞行器在火箭上被提升到地球上空40公里至100公里的高度，然后分离，沿着高层大气向目标滑翔。它被释放的高度和速度可以让它在没有动力的情况下滑翔到目标。滑翔飞行器的控制面意味着它可以在不可预测的航向上转弯，并在接近撞击时急剧机动。
These researchers say that the trajectory of these gliders is much flatter and much lower than the high arch trajectory of ballistic missiles. This makes them more difficult to detect by radar early, resulting in less reaction time for missile defense systems.
这些研究人员说，这些滑翔飞行器的轨迹比弹道导弹的高拱形轨迹要平坦得多，也要低得多。这使得它们更难被雷达早期探测到，从而使导弹防御系统的反应时间更少。
At the same time, hypersonic cruise missiles have internal engines. But unlike conventional cruise missiles, they fly faster and higher.
与此同时，高超音速巡航导弹有内部发动机。但与常规巡航导弹不同，它们的飞行速度更快、更高。
Senior Pentagon officials say that after years of development of stop start hypersonic flight technology, the United States is now attempting to accelerate testing and deployment to rival China and Russia.
五角大楼高级官员表示，经过多年的停-启高超音速飞行技术开发，美国现在正试图加快测试和部署，以与中国和俄罗斯相匹敌。
Last year, the United States Air Force awarded Lockheed Martin two contracts to develop hypersonic missiles. In addition, the US Navy stated that it successfully conducted a long-range hypersonic missile test on October 30, 2017. Last month, the Pentagon awarded missile manufacturer Raytheon a $63.3 million hypersonic weapons development contract, the company said in a statement.
去年，美国空军授予洛克希德·马丁公司两份开发高超音速导弹的合同。此外，美国海军表示，他们于2017年10月30日成功进行了远程高超音速导弹试验。上个月，五角大楼授予导弹制造商雷神公司一份价值6330万美元的高超音速武器开发合同，该公司在一份声明中表示。
"To be frank, we were leaders in this field 10 and 15 years ago, but we just let it go," Griffin told the Senate Military Committee in April last year. "We need to start over."
格里芬在去年4月对美国参议院军事委员会表示：“坦率地说，我们在10年和15年前都是这方面的领导者，但我们只是听之任之。”。“我们需要重新开始。”
海外网友菲利普•叶的回答
There is nothing particularly advanced in China, but:
中国没有什么特别领先的，但是：
China is by far the only country in the world that has commercialized quantum communication technology.
1.中国是迄今为止世界上唯一一个实现量子通信技术商业化的国家。
2.China has the fastest supercomputer in the world.
2.中国拥有世界上速度最快的超级计算机。
3.China has the best high-speed train technology in the world, and currently no other country, even Japan, can beat it.
3.中国拥有世界上最好的高速列车技术，目前没有其他国家，甚至日本，能够击败它。
4.China is the only country that has explored the back of the moon.
4.中国是唯一一个探索过月球背面的国家。
5.Once completed in 2020, China's artificial sun will become the hottest sun, surpassing Germany.
5.中国的人造太阳一旦在2020年建成，将成为最热的太阳，超过德国。
6.China's space telescope will be completed in 2022, becoming the most powerful space telescope.
6.中国的太空望远镜将在2022年建成，成为最强大的太空望远镜。
7.China has the best afforestation technology in the world.
7.中国拥有世界上最好的造林技术。
8.China is the only country in the world with a mature IT and artificial intelligence industry except the United States.
8.中国是除美国之外世界上唯一拥有成熟的IT和人工智能产业的国家。
9.China's military technology is second only to that of the United States.
9.中国的军事技术仅次于美国。
China's strength does not lie in its possession of technology that other countries do not have, but in its leading position in almost all technological fields.
中国的力量并不在于它拥有其他国家所没有的技术，而是它在几乎所有技术领域都处于领先地位。
美国网友戴维•科里曼的回答
China was and will be an innovation leader. Since the 1980s, China has clearly proposed the national goal of catching up with the West. For decades, people have adopted various ways to approach and ultimately surpass the West. In the late 1970s and 1980s, the main activity was related to the procurement of the latest technologies that they might be subject to US trade restrictions. It is speculated that reverse engineering and replication were rampant at the time.
中国是曾经和未来的创新领导者。自20世纪80年代以来，中国就明确提出了追赶西方的国家目标。几十年来，人们采用了各种方式来接近并最终超越西方。在70年代末和80年代，主要活动与采购他们可能受到美国贸易限制的最新技术有关。推测逆向工程和复制在当时非常猖獗。
By the 1990s, China began to harvest the knowledge and talents of returned students from American and European universities. Many of these students have experience working in large innovation companies.
到90年代，中国开始收获美国和欧洲大学归国学生的知识和人才。这些学生中的许多人都有在大型创新公司工作的经验。
Some top researchers from leading companies also serve as consultants in China or otherwise obtain research resources to pursue their passion. One example is Dr. Steve Chen, the chief supercomputer designer of Cray X-MP, who founded a company in China in 1999.
一些来自领先公司的顶尖研究人员也在中国担任顾问，或以其他方式获得研究资源，以追求他们的激情。克雷X-MP的首席超级计算机设计师Steve Chen博士就是一个例子，他于1999年在中国成立了一家公司。
By the turn of the century, China had joined the WTO. With the opening of huge new markets, Western companies are eager to make large-scale investments. Typically, they have an obligation to transfer some technology to local partners. It is reported that in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, a large number of technology transfers have been made by directly employing engineers and managers from Taiwan, China, China.
到本世纪之交，中国已经加入世贸组织。随着巨大新市场的开放，西方公司急于进行大规模投资。通常，他们有义务将一些技术转让给当地合作伙伴。据报道，在半导体制造业，通过直接雇佣中国台湾的工程师和经理进行了大量技术转让。
Another notable example is IBM's sale of its personal computers and later its x86 server division to Lenovo. These sales have enabled Lenovo to rapidly increase its IT revenue and expand its research capabilities. More and more Western companies believe that investing in research and development in China is in their interest. The reason is partly to meet the needs of the local market, and partly to recruit some highly capable Chinese talents.
另一个值得注意的例子是IBM将其个人电脑以及后来的x86服务器部门出售给联想。这些销售使联想能够迅速增加其IT收入并扩大其研究能力。越来越多的西方公司认为在中国投资研发符合他们的利益。其理由部分是为了满足当地市场的需求，部分是为了招聘一些非常有能力的中国人才。
In the past few years, the Chinese government has increased investment in research and development funds, and has invested a large amount of funds to create a vibrant entrepreneurial culture through designated innovation centers. For example, Shenzhen and Beijing. Successful technology companies include Huawei, Dajiang, Xiaomi, Alibaba, Tencent, etc,.. The results are very surprising, with many Chinese companies already listed on Wall Street. Alibaba is the largest initial public offering in history.
在过去几年里，中国政府加大了研发资金的投入，并通过指定创新中心，为创造充满活力的创业文化投入了大量资金。例如，深圳和北京。成功的科技公司包括华为、大疆、小米、阿里、腾讯等，。。结果非常惊人，许多中国公司已经在华尔街上市。阿里巴巴是有史以来规模最大的首次公开募股。
The most important technological leapfrogging is in the fields of the Internet and supercomputing. Apps such as WeChat provide various services that WhatsApp and Amazon can't beat.
最重要的技术跨越是在互联网和超级计算领域。微信等应用程序提供了WhatsApp和亚马逊难以击败的各种服务。
The top two supercomputers are both made in China. June 2017 | The total number of supercomputers installed in the top 500 supercomputer websites in China is approximately the same as in the United States.
排名前两位的超级计算机都是中国制造的。2017年6月|超级计算机网站500强中国安装的超级计算机总数与美国大致相同。
Another controversial area is quantum satellites and cryptography. China has launched its first quantum satellite and developed an unbreakable quantum cipher. Another key technology is artificial intelligence, which is considered second only to the United States.
另一个备受争议的领域是量子卫星和密码学。中国发射了第一颗量子卫星，并开发了不可破解的量子密码。另一项非常关键的技术是人工智能，中国被认为仅次于美国。
In terms of consumer products, Dajiang ranks first in the world in the field of leisure drone production. Three of the world's top five smartphone manufacturers are Chinese based companies - Huawei, Oppo, and Vivo.
在消费类产品方面，大疆是休闲无人机生产领域的世界第一。世界前五大智能手机生产商中有三家是中国本土公司——华为、Oppo和Vivo。
In more direct areas such as consumer software, China has recently been having a more significant impact - for a long time, Chinese technology companies have been labeled as "Chinese version of Uber" or "Chinese version of Facebook", but American technology giants are now lagging behind, while China's "Croons" continue to make progress in their technological capabilities.
在消费软件等更直接的领域，中国最近正在产生更明显的影响——长期以来，中国的科技公司一直被贴上“中国版优步”或“中国版脸书”的标签，但美国科技巨头现在正在落后，而中国的“克隆人”在技术能力上继续进步。
