Hi John, you know people around the world are concerned about inflation? 嗨，约翰，你知道世界各地的人们都在担心通货膨胀吗？ You're right. 你说得对。 We should explore how people talk about inflation in everyday situations. 我们应该探索人们在日常生活中如何谈论通货膨胀。 Inflation is a noun. 通货膨胀是一个名词。 It means an increase in the price of goods and services. 这意味着商品和服务价格的上涨。 This means that inflation reduces the purchasing power of money that is saved or earned from work. 这意味着通货膨胀降低了储蓄或通过工作赚取的金钱的购买力。 Inflation's meaning of enlargement of prices was first recorded in 1838 in American English. 通货膨胀对价格上涨的含义最早记录在1838年的美式英语中。 We also have a verb form, inflate. 我们也有动词形式,膨胀。 We often, but do not always, use inflate with a direct object. 我们经常（但并非总是）将 inflate 与直接对象一起使用。 For example, you might read something like this. 例如，您可能会读到这样的内容。 Economists worry that supply chain issues could inflate prices. 经济学家担心供应链问题可能会导致价格上涨。 The plural noun, prices, is the object of the verb inflate. 复数名词prices是动词inflate的宾语。 In some cases, we use inflate without a direct object. 在某些情况下，我们在没有直接对象的情况下使用 inflate。 For example, you might read something like this. 例如，您可能会读到这样的内容。 Experts worry that supply chain disruptions could cause prices to inflate. 专家担心供应链中断可能导致价格上涨。 So, we have inflation, the noun, and inflate, the verb. 因此，我们有名词“inflation”和动词“inflate”。 But if we compare how common they are, we arrive at a clear finding. 但如果我们比较它们的普遍程度，我们就会得出一个明确的发现。 The noun inflation is much more commonly used. 名词通货膨胀更为常用。 As a result, it's probably better to use the noun form in everyday situations. 因此，在日常情况下使用名词形式可能更好。 But knowing about the verb form can help you, especially if you study economics or finance. 但了解动词形式会对您有所帮助，特别是如果您学习经济学或金融学。 And that's Everyday Grammar TV. 这里是日常语法电视。 New Words and Expressions 生词和短语 concern verb /kənˈsɜːn/ to cause worry to someone 使担忧；使挂念；使焦虑 The state of my father's health concerns us greatly. 我父亲的健康状况让我们非常担心。 [ + that ] It concerns me that he hasn't been in contact. 还没有联系到他，我很担心。 concern verb (INVOLVE)to be important to someone or to involve someone directly 对…很重要；与…相关；涉及到…，关系到… Matters of pollution and the environment concern us all. 污染和环境的问题与我们每个人都息息相关。 What I have to say to Amy doesn't concern you. 我要跟埃米说的事与你无关。 concerned adjective UK /kənˈsɜːnd/ worried 担心的; 忧虑的; 挂念的 I'm a bit concerned about/for your health.我有点担心你的健康。 [ + (that) ] Aren't you concerned (that) she might tell someone?难道你不担心她会跟别人讲吗？ [ + to infinitive ] He was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers were leaving.听到他信任的两名工人要走，他感到担忧。 Concerned parents have complained about the dangerous playground. 忧心忡忡的家长们抱怨那个儿童游乐场太危险。inflation noun [ U ] UK /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/ a general, continuous increase in prices 通货膨胀 high/low inflation 高／低通货膨胀 the rate of inflation 通货膨胀率 13 percent inflation 13%的通货膨胀率 explore verb [ I or T ] UK /ɪkˈsplɔːr/ to search and discover (about something) 探测；勘查；探索；研究 to explore space探索太空 The best way to explore the countryside is on foot.探索农村地区，步行是最好的方法。 The children have gone exploring in the woods.孩子们到树林里观察大自然去了。 B2 to think or talk about something in order to find out more about it 仔细研究;探究，探讨 Let's explore this issue/idea more fully. 让我们进一步探讨一下这个问题／计划。 situation noun [ C ] UK /ˌsɪtʃ.uˈeɪ.ʃən/ the set of things that are happening and the conditions that exist at a particular time and place 处境，情况，形势 the economic/political situation 经济／政治形势 Her news put me in a difficult situation.她的消息让我陷入困难的境地。 "Would you get involved in a fight?" "It would depend on the situation."“你会和别人打架吗？”“这要看具体情况。” I'll worry about it if/when/as the situation arises (= if/when/as it happens). 如果这种情况发生/这种情况发生时，我会担忧的。 increase verb [ I or T ] UK /ɪnˈkriːs/ to (make something) become larger in amount or size 增大；增加；增强 Incidents of armed robbery have increased over the last few years.持械抢劫案近几年增多了。 The cost of the project has increased dramatically/significantly since it began.该项目自开始以来成本就急剧上升。 Gradually increase the temperature to boiling point.逐步加热至沸点。 Increased/Increasing efforts are being made to end the dispute. 正在尽更大努力来结束这场争端。 reduce verb [ I or T ] UK /rɪˈdʒuːs/ to become or to make something become smaller in size, amount, degree, importance, etc. 减少；减小；降低；缩小 Do nuclear weapons really reduce the risk of war?核武器真的可以减小战争爆发的危险吗？ The plane reduced speed as it approached the airport.当飞临机场时，飞机减慢了速度。 My weight reduces when I stop eating sugar.我停止吃糖时体重就会下降。 We bought a TV that was reduced from £500 to £350 in the sales.我们在大减价时，买了一台从500英镑减至350英镑的电视。 I reduced the problem to a few simple questions. 我把这个难题简化为几个简单的小问题。 purchasing power noun [ U ] UK /ˈpɜː.tʃə.sɪŋ ˌpaʊər/ A person's purchasing power is their ability to buy goods （个人的）购买力 The purchasing power of people living on investment income has fallen as interest rates have gone down.随着利率的下降，靠投资收入为生的人们的购买力也下降了。 the value of money considered as the amount of goods it will buy （货币的）购买力 The purchasing power of the average hourly wage has risen in the last five years.在过去5年内，每小时的平均工资的购买力上升了。 enlargement noun UK /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ.mənt/ the fact of being enlarged 扩大；扩充；扩展；增大 I am pleased to announce the enlargement of the History Department by three new teachers.我非常高兴地宣布，历史系又有3名新教师加入，师资力量进一步增强。 [ C ] something, especially a photograph, that has been enlarged 扩大物，放大物；（尤指）扩放照片 I had an enlargement of my graduation photo done for my grandparents. 我把毕业照放大了一张送给爷爷奶奶。 economist noun [ C ] UK /iˈkɒn.ə.mɪst/ a person who studies or has a special knowledge of economics 经济学家 supply chain noun [ C ] UK /səˈplaɪ ˌtʃeɪn/ the system of people and things that are involved in getting a product from the place where it is made to the person who buys it （商品的）供应链 issue noun [ C ] UK /ˈɪʃ.uː/ /ˈɪs.juː/ a subject or problem that people are thinking and talking about 问题;议题 environmental/ethical/personal issues 环境／道德／个人问题 As employers we need to be seen to be addressing (= dealing with) these issues sympathetically.作为雇主，我们需要让大家知道我们在处理这些问题时富有同情心。 Don't worry about who will do it - that's just a side issue (= not the main problem).不要担心这件事由谁来做——那只是次要问题。 disruption noun [ C or U ] UK /dɪsˈrʌp.ʃən/ the action of completely changing the traditional way that an industry or market operates by using new methods or technology （使用新方法或技术对传统行业或市场的）颠覆 the disruption of the telecoms industry 对电信业的颠覆 Seeking closer ties with other oil-supplying nations as insurance against disruption of Middle East supplies. 寻求与其他石油供应国建立更加紧密的关系，以防中东供应中断。 compare verb [ T ] UK /kəmˈpeər/ to examine or look for the difference between two or more things 对比，对照，比较 If you compare house prices in the two areas, it's quite amazing how different they are.如果比较一下两个地段的房价，你会惊讶地发现它们的差别竟如此之大。 That seems expensive - have you compared prices in other shops?那好像很贵——你有没有比较一下其他店里的价格？ Compare some recent work with your older stuff and you'll see how much you've improved.把你近来的作品与以前的对照一下，你就会知道你的进步有多大。 This road is quite busy compared to/with ours. 与我们那条路相比，这条路很繁忙。 economics noun [ U ] UK /ˌiː.kəˈnɒm.ɪks/ /ˌek.əˈnɒm.ɪks/ the way in which trade, industry, or money is organized, or the study of this 经济状况;经济因素;经济学 Their ideas sound fine in principle, but they haven't worked out the economics behind the policies.他们的计划理论上听起来不错，但是他们没有搞清楚这些政策背后的经济因素。 She's in her third year of studying economics at York University. 她在约克大学主修经济学，现在上大三。 finance noun UK /ˈfaɪ.næns/ (the management of) a supply of money 资金; 财务管理; 财政; 金融 corporate/personal/public finance 企业财务／个人理财／公共财政 the minister of finance/the finance minister 财政部长 You need to speak to someone in the finance department. 你需要和财务部的人谈一谈。 The finance committee controls the school's budget. 财务委员会掌管着学校的预算。 资金; 财务管理; 财政;金融 corporate/personal/public finance 企业财务／个人理财／公共财政 the minister of finance/the finance minister 财政部长 You need to speak to someone in the finance department. 你需要和财务部的人谈一谈。 The finance committee controls the school's budget. 财务委员会掌管着学校的预算。 the money that a person or company has: We keep a tight control on the organization's finances. 我们严格控制该组织的资金。