《道德经》英译连载六十

宁静致凡 2024-05-04 09:02:30

第六十章

以道治国

原文

英译

Rule the State with the Divine Law

Governing a big state is like cooking small fish.

If the state is governed with the divine law,

ghosts and spirits will not come out to haunt,

not because the ghosts lose their power,

but because they can not hurt people,

nor will the sages hurt people.

In this way,

the people can enjoy the benefit of virtue.

说明

1. “神”的英译

《系辞上》语“阴阳不测之谓神”,即对无法形容,无法预测,玄而又玄的未知事物不知道如何称谓它的时候,称之为“神”。而本章中提到“其鬼不神”,那么这里的“不神”作何解释呢?许渊冲的译本中“不神”译为“lose their supernatual power”,即“神”被译作名词“power”。辜正坤的译本中“不神”译作“become harmless”,即“变得无害”;而辜正坤将“其神不伤人”中的“其神”译作“their potencies”即“他们的力量”。Arthur Waley的译本中“不神”和“其神”中的“神”都译作“power”。我们的译本同样使用“power”一词表达“神”。综上所述, 辜正坤译法仿佛是是表达“结果”,其他译本皆在表达“不神”的“现象”。

2、“夫两不相伤,故德交归焉”的英译

译者认为所谓“夫两不相伤,故德交归焉”是指“鬼神和有道的圣人都不伤害人,就可以让人民享受到德的恩泽。”,故译作“because they(ghosts and spirits) cannot hurt people, nor will the sages hurt people. In this way, the people can enjoy the benefit of virtue.”。许渊冲译作“Since neither will harm the other, so virtue belongs to both”,即“两者都不会伤人,因此两者都是有德之人”。辜正坤和我们的理解极其相近,表达为“both sages and ghosts help the people to enjoy the benefit of virtue”,即“圣人和鬼神都帮助我们享受的恩泽”。Arther Waley译作“Each being saved from harm,their powers could converge a common end.”即“圣人和鬼神都会不受伤害,他们的力量向着共同的目的汇集。”和上面的三个版本相比,意思都变了。

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